X射线衍射法在泌尿系结石研究中的应用

泌尿系结石是一种世界范围的常见病、多发病。准确分析尿石的化学成分和物相，有助于了解泌尿系结石的形成机制。X射线衍射法(XRD)是进行泌尿系结石研究的最重要方法之一，用作定性分析时具有可靠性，用作定量分析时具有准确性，且检测简便迅速、灵敏度高、多组分和多晶态可一次性检测。文章综述了XRD在泌尿系结石定性和定量分析中的应用以及XRD与质子激发X射线发射光谱(PIXE)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等联合分析尿石的研究进展。

The Application of X-Ray Diffraction in the Study of Urinary Stones

Urolithiasis is a common disease throughout the world. The accurate analysis of chemical composition and phases of urinary stones is the base of understanding the mechanism of formation of urolithiasis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is one of the most important methods used for the study of urinary stones. It is reliable when used for qualitative analyses and is accurate when used for quantitative analyses. In addition, XRD has the advantages such as speediness, briefness and high sensitivity, as well as simultaneous detection of many compositions. In the present paper, the research progress was reviewed in the qualitative and quantitative analyses of urinary stones by XRD and by the combined methods of XRD with other techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) etc.