近红外光谱检测技术及其在林业中的应用

近红外光谱是20世纪80年代以来发展最快、最引人注目的光谱分析技术。文章介绍了近红外光谱技术的发展历程和在国外的应用概况,重点列举了近红外光谱在林业中的成功应用实例。资料表明,近红外光谱以其快速、无损伤、操作简单、稳定性好、效率高等特点,在国外的水果品质检测、木材性质检测和林业育种中的应用已成为一个活跃的研究领域。而近红外光谱技术在我国林业上的研究和应用则刚刚起步,因此本文对国内外利用近红外光谱技术在林业上的应用作一综述,并对近红外检测技术在林业上的应用进行了展望,以推动近红外光谱技术在我国林业科技和生产中的应用。

Recent Progress in NIR Spectroscopy Technology and Its Application to the Field of Forestry

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is the most rapidly developing and the most noticeable spectrographic technique in the 80's (the last century). Its developing history and utilization in foreign countries were introduced. The authors mainly summarized the applications of NIRS to the field of forestry. The applications of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) in fruit quality, timber and seed quality analysis are more active in forestry due to its rapid, timely, less expensive, non-destructive, straightforward analytic characteristics. In the last two decades, non-destructive methods using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to evaluate parameters for estimating maturity were applied to different fruits species to check the ripening status of fruits on trees or to grade fruits in the packing house, to assess fruit quality, such as sugar and acid contents, soluble solids, firmness of fruit, offers great advantages to growers in deciding when to harvest. The near infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS) can also be used the nondestructive quantitative assessment of the solid wood density, the moisture condition and the lignin content in bulky wood. The previous results indicated that the utility of NIRS was a selection tool in breeding programs, for example, three kids of persimmon fruits, astringent, non-astringent and half-astringent, were clearly classified by using Near-infrared (NIR) methods, and based on the combination of near infrared technology and multivariate analysis, the genetic, physiological and technical qualities of both temperate and tropical tree species on single seed basis can be characterized. It has already been shown that NIRS can predict the chemical composition of litters. NIRS is also capable of correlating the initial spectral characteristics of the litters with their short-and medium-term decomposability. The stage of decay of decomposing leaves can be predicted by using the near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. The method is rich in information and quick to conduct. However, the applications of NIRS to the field of forestry in our country are only on the beginning, and are mainly focused on wood characteristics and fruit quality testing. In fact, there are still some further applications of NIRS in forestry in future, such as analyzing trace elements in fruit, biosecurity inspection. In this paper, the authors analyzed the NIRS applications status in home and abroad, and discussed the applied prospects to promote its applications to the field of forestry research and practical programs in our country.