非朗伯体红外测温计算研究

根据红外辐射理论和红外热像仪的测温原理,建立了红外热像仪测温的通用数学模型;基于物体表面法向发射率的特点,简化了热像仪测温的数学模型,得到了红外热像仪测温的计算公式。通过相关实验,验证了在一定的温度范围内,物体的发射率和反射率之和基本保持不变这一结论。物体的发射率与反射率之和a与物体种类、表面状况及物体温度有关。物体与朗伯体越接近,a越大,其值越接近于1;物体表面状况偏离朗伯体越远,表面越光滑,越小。实验表明,若物体接近朗伯体,则可将其视为朗伯体,无需进行实际物体修正;对于非朗伯体(特别是表面光滑且发射率较低的物体),需要对其红外测温进行修正,否则将增大测温误差,甚至偏离其真实温度很远。该研究表明,通过修正,可以对非朗伯体进行红外测温。

Calculation of infrared temperature measurement on non-Lambertian objects

According to the theory of infrared radiation and principles of temperature measurement using infrared imager, a universal mathematical model of infrared imager is established. Based on the normal emissivity characteristics of measured surface, the mathematical model is simplified, and the formula of temperature measurement using infrared imager is obtained. Through the relevant experiment, it is proved that the sum of emissivity and reflectivity of objects remained basically unchanged in a certain temperature range. The sum of emissivity and reflectivity of objects is relevant to the object types, surface conditions and the object temperature. The closer an object to Lambertian objects, the greater the sum is and the closer it is to 1. The farther the surface conditions deviate from the Lambertian surface, or the smoother the surface, the smaller the sum is. Experimental results show that if the object is close to Lambertian objects, it could be regarded as Lambertian, without the need for amendments to the actual objects. For non-Lambertian body (especially the smooth surfaces and low-emissivity objects), the amendment is necessary, or the temperature measurement error will increase, or even the obtained temperature is very far away from its true temperature. The study shows that, through the amendment, infrared temperature measurement on non-Lambertian objects is available.