A Comparative Study on Hemp (Cannabis sativa)Essential Oil Extraction Using Traditional and Advanced Techniques

A comparative study of Cannabissativa (Hemp)essential constituents obtained by using Supercriti-cal Fluid Extraction (SCFE),Steam Distillation (SD)and Hydrodistillation (HD)is presented here.The opti-mized extraction temperatures were 130,110 and 50 ℃ for hydrodistillation,steam distillation and supercriti-cal fluid extraction respectively.The essential oil of C.sativa was analyzed by using Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS).A total of 33,30 and 31 components have been identified in HD,SD and SCFE re-spectively.Yield of essential oil using SCFE (0.039%)was more than HD (0.025%)and SD (0.035%)ex-traction respectively.The main component of sesquiterpenes obtained by hydrodistillation at 130 ℃ with their percentages included caryophyllene (40.58%),trans-α-bergamotene (5.41%),humulene (10.97%),cis-β-farnesene (8.53%)and monoterpenes includedα-pinene (2.13%),d-limonene (6.46%),p-cymol (0.65%) and cineole (2.58%)respectively.The main component of sesquiterpenes obtained by SD steam distillation at 110 ℃ including caryophyllene (38.60%)trans-α-bergamotene (4.22%),humulene (10.26%),cis-β-far-nesene (6.67%)and monoterpenes includedα-pinene (3.21%),d-limonene (7.07%),p-cymol (2.59%)and cineole (3.88%)whereas the more percentages of major components were obtained by SCFE at 50 ℃ included caryophyllene (44.31%),trans-α-bergamotene (6.79%),humulene (11.97%)cis-β-farnesene (9.71%)and monoterpenes includedα-pinene (0.45%),d-limonene (2.13%)p-cymol (0.19%)and cineole (1.38 %)re-spectively.We found yield/efficiency,chemical composition,quality of the essential oils by supercritical fluid extraction superior in terms of modern,green,saving energy and a rapid approach as compared to traditional techniques.