济南市雾霾天大气颗粒物能谱分析与粒径形状因子

为了解山东省济南市区大气污染的状况，收集了2017年某一天济南市区雾霾天气下的大气颗粒物, 对其进行了SEM扫描电镜与TEM透射电镜的观察。为更好地描述颗粒的形态特征以切实反映污染特点，定量统计了颗粒物的线性尺度大小(等效直径)与形状标准程度(形状因子)，同时配合EDS能谱分析确定了微观结构的元素种类。结果表明： 当天雾霾天气下，大气颗粒物形状因子数值较小，统计的方差、标准差也较小，说明形貌差距小，大多数呈现较为光滑、规则的近球形，表面不易吸附有毒物质或凝聚超细小颗粒。颗粒物等效直径数值较大，统计的方差、标准差也较大，说明空间线性尺度差距较大，以大小不等的多种结构形态呈现。其中，块状颗粒物数目最多，主要来自扬尘源，无机组成以Si，Al，Ca，Mg，Cl和K等元素为主。珊瑚礁状和球状颗粒物分别来源于可燃物的低温不充分燃烧和煤炭的高温熔融，前者无机元素Ca，Mg，Si多，后者Si，Al和Fe多，都属人为污染。球形颗粒物还可分为表面光滑、有轻微凸起和凹凸不平三类，分别与硅、铝化硅以及铁元素有关。柱棒状颗粒物属生物微粒。聚合状颗粒物来自于细小颗粒的聚合效应，有可能增加微粒的毒性。

Energy Spectrum Analysis and Particle Shape Factor of Atmospheric Particulate Matter in the Hazy Weather of Ji’nan

Atmospheric particulate matter was collected in the hazy weather of Jinan in 2017 in order to know the status of the air pollution in the urban area in Jinan and the samples were given observation by the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the scanning electron microscope(SEM). To better describe the morphological characteristics as to reflect the pollution characteristics of particles, we quantitatively estimated the linear dimension of the particle size (equivalent diameter)and the degree of the shape standard (shape factor), at the same time accompanied with EDS spectrum analysis to determine the microstructure of element types. It shows that on the day of smog, theshape factor of atmospheric particulate matter was smaller, as well as the the variance and standard deviation of the statistics. According to the calculation results, we could infer that morphology difference is not abvious. And most of the particles are relatively smooth, regular, nearly globose so that the surface is not easy to adsorb toxic substances or ultra fine particles. The equivalent diameter of particulate matter is larger, as well as the variance and standard deviation of the statistics. According to the calculation results, we could infer that the linear scale of particulatesare large and presented in a variety of structures, varying in size and size. Among them, blocky particles are the most, which come from the dust. Inorganic composition is mainly composed of Si, Al, Ca, Mg, Cl, K, etc. The coral reef particles come from the low temperature of the flammable substance while the spherical particles come from the high temperature. The former inorganic elements are mainly Ca, Mg and Si, while the latter are mainly Si, Al Fe. All of them come from artificial pollution. The spherical particles could be divided into three categories: smooth surface, low arched surface and rough surface, which are related to silicon, aluminum, and iron. The clubbedparticles are biological particles. And the polymeric particles come from the polymerization of fine particles, which is possible to increase the toxicity of the particles.