太赫兹波谱技术在食品掺假检测中的研究进展

近年来食品掺假事件频繁发生，对食品安全领域产生巨大挑战，食品掺假问题已成为人们关注的焦点和讨论的热点，因此实现食品掺假的快速、准确以及无损检测对保障食品质量和安全具有重要意义。随着新食品原料、新添加剂以及新型食品加工技术不断涌现，使得食品掺假问题呈现技术化、隐形化、多样化等特征，食品中掺假对象的鉴别技术面临更严峻的挑战。目前一些现代检测技术可针对食品掺假问题进行有效检测，如高效液相色谱法、稳定碳同位素比值法等，然而由于需对样品进行复杂预处理、检测仪器操作技术要求较高等原因，使其针对现有的食品掺假检测存在一定的局限性，因此寻求一种新型的、灵敏度高的以及具有指纹特性的无损检测技术进行现有食品掺假检测成为关键。太赫兹（Terahertz，THz）波谱是指频率在0.1~10 THz之间的电磁波，具有微波和红外双重特性，其中包括指纹特性、相干性、安全性等。由于物质中大部分有机大分子之间弱相互作用、骨架振动、偶极子的旋转和振动跃迁频率与太赫兹波谱相对应，使得太赫兹技术在食品掺假检测应用领域蕴含着巨大的潜力。首先阐述了太赫兹波谱技术用于物质检测的原理；重点综述了太赫兹波谱技术在食品掺假检测方面的最新研究进展，具体以转基因食品鉴别、食品原产地鉴别、乳制品掺假检测、蜂蜜掺假检测及其他食品掺假检测进行综述；其次分析了目前太赫兹波谱技术在食品掺假检测方面所存在的问题，如水分吸收、散射效应等影响；最后展望了太赫兹波谱技术在食品掺假检测方面的应用前景，如开发低成本的太赫兹源和探测器以促进太赫兹技术普及应用、将机器学习算法用于太赫兹波谱建模分析以提高模型精度和分析速度、与其他现代检测技术结合使用以实现检测技术间优势互补等；以期为开展太赫兹波谱技术在食品掺假检测方面研究提供参考和指导。

Research Progress of Terahertz Spectroscopy Technique in Food Adulteration Detection

In recent years,food adulteration incidents have occurred frequently,which poses a huge threat to food safety.This problem has become the focus of people’s attention and hotspots for discussion.Therefore,the realization of fast,accurate and non-destructive testing of food adulteration is of great significance for ensuring food quality and safety.With the continuous emergence of new food raw materials,additives and food processing technologies,food adulteration is being technical,invisible and diversified,bringing more severe challenges to adulterate identification.At present,there have been some new methods for effective food adulteration detection,including high-performance liquid chromatography,stable carbon isotope ratio method,etc.However,due to the complex pretreatment of the sample and the high technical requirements for the detection instrument operation,these methods’application has been limited.Hence,A new type of non-destructive technology with high sensitivity and fingerprint characteristics is necessarily required.Terahertz(THz)spectrum refers to electromagnetic waves with a frequency from 0.1 to 10 THz,between microwaves and infrared waves,which has the advantages of fingerprint characteristics,coherence,security,etc.Since the skeleton vibration,dipole rotation,and vibration transition of most macromolecules in organic substances and the weak interaction between them can be reflected in the THz spectrum.The THz technology possesses great potential in food adulteration detection.This paper elaborated THz spectroscopy technology’s detection mechanism and reviewed the latest research progress of food adulteration detection by THz spectroscopy,including genetically modified foods identification,food geographical origin traceability,adulteration detection of dairy products,honey and other foods.Then,THz spectrum technology’s existing application problems in food adulteration detection were analyzed,such as moisture influence,scattering influence,etc.At last,the applications of the THz spectrum technology in the food adulteration detection field prospected,such as the development of low-cost THz sources and detectors to promote the popularization and application of terahertz technology,the use of machine learning algorithms for THz spectrum modeling and analysis to improve model accuracy and analysis speed,combination with other modern detection technologies to achieve advantageous complementarities,etc.This paper is expected to provide reference and guidance THz spectrum technology research in food adulteration detection.