基于荧光光谱的轻质油乳化物油水比估测研究

海面溢油在其风化迁移过程中，会形成不同溢油乳化物，对海洋环境造成极大危害。科学量化溢油乳化物，有助于溢油污染应急处理和灾损评估。已有对溢油乳化物展开的研究由于缺乏系统的实验数据、理化与光学参数，尚不清楚不同类型油水乳化物的精细光谱响应特征与变化规律，无法给出不同类型溢油乳化物光谱与海水表层油水比的数据关系。通过轻质油乳化物的室内实验，采用激光诱导荧光技术手段，从不同类型，不同表层油水比的溢油乳化物荧光光谱响应差异和变化规律入手，以乳化柴油相关数据作建模样本，乳化煤油相关数据作验证样本，开展统计分析，并分别设计了油包水、水包油两种类型下的表层油水比估测模型。数据处理过程中，为了消除LIF系统本身对接收到的荧光信号强度的影响，利用水的拉曼散射信号对乳化液的荧光信号进行归一化处理，将两者的比值作为后续的分析数据。具体数据研究表明：油包水型乳化溢油的荧光峰值对数和表层含水率对数之间可建立非线性回归模型；水包油型乳化溢油的荧光峰值和表层含水率之间也可建立非线性回归模型。非线性拟合相关系数均在0.9以上，即模型具有较高质量，且模型中的实际系数依赖于不同油种，不同的特征荧光峰。由此可见，不同乳化油种的不同特征荧光峰与表层油水比之间虽具有相同的变化趋势，但变化的程度有所不同。在此基础上，采用参数查找表的方式，建立了轻质油乳化物油水比的估测方法，可根据荧光相对强度最后反演得到表层油水比。该方法在一定程度上可对海面轻质油乳化物实现有效量化，为将来海面溢油乳化物更加实时准确的定量分析提供理论基础和依据, 也为海面溢油污染应急处理提供技术参考，因此具有重要研究意义和实用价值。

Research on Estimation of Oil-Water Ratio of Light Oil Emulsion Based on Fluorescence Spectroscopy

During the weathering and migration of sea surface oil, different oil spill emulsions will be formed, which will cause great harm to the marine environment. Scientific quantification of oil spilt emulsions is helpful for oil spill emergency treatment and disaster damage assessment. Due to the lack of systematic experimental data, physical and chemical and optical parameters, the fine spectral response characteristics and variation rules of different types of oil-water emulsions are not clear, and the data relationship between the spectra of different types of oil spilt emulsions, and the surface oil-water ratio of seawater can not be given. In this paper, through the laboratory experiment of light oil emulsion, using laser-induced fluorescence technology, starting with the difference and change law of fluorescence spectrum response of different types and different surface oil-water ratio, the relevant data of emulsified diesel oil is used as the modeling sample, and the relevant data of emulsified kerosene as the verification sample, the statistical analysis is carried out, and the prediction models of surface oil-water ratio under two types of water in oil and oil in water were designed respectively. In the process of data processing, in order to eliminate the influence of the LIF system on the intensity of the fluorescence signal received, the Raman scattering signal of water is used to normalize the fluorescence signal of emulsion and the ratio of the two is used as the subsequent analysis data. The specific data research shows that the non-linear regression model can be established between the logarithm of fluorescence peak value and the logarithm of the surface water content of oil in oil emulsion spiltoil; the non-linear regression model can also be established between the fluorescence peak value and surface water content of oil in water emulsion oil spill. The correlation coefficients of non-linear fitting were above zero points nine.That is, the model has high quality. The coefficients in the model depend on different oil types and different characteristic fluorescence peaks.It can be seen that the fluorescence peaks of different emulsified oils have the same change trend with the surface oil-water ratio, but the degree of change is different. On this basis, a parameter look-up table is used to estimate the oil-water ratio of light oil emulsions. The surface oil-water ratio can be inverted according to the fluorescence relative intensity.To a certain extent, this method can effectively quantify the oil emulsion on the sea surface, and provide a theoretical basis and basis for the real-time and accurate quantitative analysis of oil spill emulsion in the future, and also provide technical reference for the emergency treatment of oil spill pollution on the sea surface, so it has important research significance and practical value.