激光诱导击穿光谱在疾病诊断中的应用前景

微量元素与人体健康密切相关。比如，金属元素的稳态可能会影响细胞的代谢功能，进而诱发某些疾病的产生。激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS），是一种可用于分子复杂的生物材料或临床标本的无因子分析技术，具有从单个激光脉冲和少量材料（纳克级数）中获得元素信号的能力。综述了2015年以来LIBS技术在疾病诊断方面的相关研究，包括几种常见疾病（结石、脱发、眼病，等）和恶性肿瘤（皮肤癌、肝癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、宫颈癌，等）。研究的样品涵盖块状组织、结石、组织切片、血清、血浆、全血等生物材料。这些生物样品包含或积累了可以检测、定量和成像的金属物质和金属化合物。LIBS能够以百万分之几的灵敏度和微观分辨率对样品中内源性和外源性化学元素进行微分析、定位分析以及定量分析。最后，对LIBS技术的医学发展趋势进行了展望。希望简单的评述能够吸引更多的科学家关注LIBS技术在疾病诊断领域的应用，进而促进LIBS技术的日趋完善，为疾病诊断和治疗发挥更大的作用。

Application Prospect of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Disease Diagnosis

Trace elements are closely related to human health. For example, the homeostasis of metal elements may influence cells’ metabolic function, which may result in the production of certain diseases. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a factor-free analysis technique that can be employed for molecularly complex biological materials or clinical specimens, has the capability to obtain elemental signals from a single laser pulse and a small amount of material (Nanogram order).This article mainly reviews the related research of LIBS process in disease diagnosis since 2015, including several common diseases (calculi, hair loss, eye disease, etc.) and malignant tumor diagnosis (skin cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, etc.). The samples studied include in-vitrotissue, calculus, tissue sections, serum, plasma, whole blood and other biological materials. These biological samples contain or accumulate metal substances and metal-doping compounds that can be detected, quantified, and imaged. LIBS can perform microanalysis, location analysis, and quantitative analysis of the endogenous and exogenous chemical elements in the sample with sensitivity and microscopic resolution of several parts per million. Finally, the medical development trend of the LIBS technique prospects. It is hoped that a simple review can attract more scientists to pay attention to the application of LIBS technology in the field of disease diagnosis to promote the improvement of the LIBS method and play a greater role in disease diagnosis and treatment.