样品装样、测试条件等因素对近红外检测结果的影响与分析误差源比较研究

以云南优质烤烟为实验材料，在国产光栅漫反射型近红外仪器上，研究了样品装样、测试条件等因素对近红外检测结果的影响。并实现了通过建立全局模型应用自校正方法来降低分析误差。结果表明，在不考虑样品粒度、测试条件等因素的影响情况下，该仪器自身信噪比等性能指标引起的测试重复性误差、重装样误差、样品松紧度误差来源各占50%，30%，20%左右，通过压样措施可降低由样品松紧度产生的误差。当季节、温度等测试条件发生较大变化时，引起的测试准确性误差远大于所有测试重复性误差的总和。文章旨在从误差来源理论上解析各影响因素，为改进仪器提供基础理论数据；从理论上解析测试条件因素影响的重要性，并为近红外技术研究解决该问题给出了一种新思路。

Influence of Sample Loading and Test Conditions on NIR Veracity and Study of Analysis Error Source

The influence of sample test conditions on the NIR veracity was studied with homemade grating diffuse NIR instrument using Yunnan flue-cured tobacco.Deducing analysis error was achieved by model self-emendation when a global NIR model was set up.Without regarding the influence of loading samples and test conditions,the test repetition error,re-loading error and samples tightness error,which were brought by instrument S/N,accounted for 50%,30% and 20% of the total error,respectively.Depressing sample could reduce errors brought by sample tightness.Changes in test conditions could bring more analysis error,which was larger than the total of repetition error.These results theoretically explain the influence of sample test conditions on the NIR analysis veracity,which can provide basic theory data for farther improvement of homemade instrument and offer a new idea for resolving this problem.