聚氨酯包裹尿素缓/控释肥膜结构的FTIR研究

制备了聚氨酯包裹尿素缓/控释肥,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法,研究了润滑剂蜡、尿素基体、异氰酸酯用量对聚氨酯在尿素表面成膜时的影响以及膜层的结构特征.将聚氨酯包裹尿素放入到氨水中浸泡28 d,模拟一种聚氨酯包裹尿素在土壤中所处的环境,发现随着浸泡时间的延长,游离NH振动吸收与脲C=O振动吸收的强度及谱带而积逐渐增加,脲C=O振动吸收位置向高波数移动.而将聚氨酯包裹尿素放入到水中浸泡28 d,这种趋势并不明显,这说明碱性条件埘聚氨酯膜层的破坏比水严重,因此聚氨酯包裹尿素在土中养分释放速度明显比水快,而化学交联密度较高的膜层,结构相对稳定,聚氨酯包裹尿素在水中及土壤中培养时,养分释放速率基本一致.

FTIR spectra study on the film of polyurethane coated urea controlled-release fertilizer

The polyurethane films were prepared to wrap the urea in order to achieve a desirable release rate by mixing isocyanate, polyols and wax. The effect of wax, urea and isocyanate on the structure and properties of the films was investigated by FTIR. The structural changes were monitored as the polyurethane films together with the wrapped urea were immersed into ammonia water for 28 days, which is used to model soil conditions. The FTIR results showed that the width and intensity of the NH-free band increased remarkably with time, and all kinds of carbonly bands shifted to high wavenumber and their intensity increased obviously. The results suggest that the structure of the polyurethane films was destroyed more heavily in soil than in water, and this explains the relatively fast release rate of urea in soil. It was observed that the increase in the chemical crosslinking density in the polyurethane films can effectively decrease the release rate of the urea nitrogen in soil.