近红外光谱技术在高尔夫草坪管理中的应用

近红外光谱技术是近年来在草坪管理中兴起的一种新的分析方法，可以快速、便捷、无损伤地同时检测高尔夫草坪-土壤系统中多种要素。文章对近红外光谱技术应用于高尔夫草坪-土壤营养成分含量和水分含量的检测，确定适宜的施肥时间和施肥量、灌溉时间和灌溉量，草坪外观质量评价以及高尔夫球场中有害生物预测与防治等方面进行了总结，使用该技术可以及时获取草坪草生长及环境状态数据，有效提高高尔夫草坪管理决策管理水平。目前存在的问题是，利用近红外光谱技术建模需要的有关球场的各种基础化学分析数据还有待于积累。此外，怎样及时准确地预测草坪的地下生物量还有待于进一步的研究,当前能够应用于球场中实地检测的光谱仪器还不多，需要开发更多便携式、可在球场实时检测的仪器。

Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Golf Turfgrass Management

The management of golf course is different from other turfs. Its particularity lies in its higher and more precise requirement during maintenance compare with other turfs. In case something happened to turf of golf course, more effective and higher speed detecting and resolution are required. Only the data about turf growth and environment were mastered precisely in time, the friendly environmental and scientific management goal could be completed effectively and economically. The near infrared spectroscopy is a new kind of effective, convenient and non-destructive analytical method in the turfgrass management of golf course in recent years. Many factors of turf-soil system in golf course could be determined by near infrared spectroscopy at the same time. In this paper, the existing literature that use of near infrared spectroscopy to study turfgrass and soil nutrient content, soil hygroscopic moisture, feasible fertilizer application time and rate, to fix the time and volume of irrigation, turfgrass visual quality evaluation, turfgrass disease prediction and prevention were reviewed. Most researchers considered the nutrition condition of turf impacted the visual and playing quality of golf course directly and then indirectly influenced most of assistant cultivation such as fertilization, mowing and irrigation and so on. The using of NIRS can detect the nutrient content of turfgrass effectively and estimate the nutrient is excessive or deficient quickly. And then the feasible time and rate of fertilizers can be decided. Comparing with the common judgment ways based on the season fertilization and visual estimation, the using of NIRS can reduce the application of fertilizers on the base of keeping the same turf quality simultaneously. NIRS can analysis many items of soil such as moisture, elements concentration, textures on the spot by the thousands. This method can get lots of cover-all data non-destructively. What's more, NIRS can analysis soil betimes quickly. NIRS is cheap and simply to operate. Many spectral data of many chemical constituents can be determined only through scanning once. Except for detecting the nutrient concentration of turf or soil, NIRS can analysis the textures and pH of soil and so on. NIRS can analysis the moisture content of soil on the spot quickly and be helpful to decide the right time and mass of irrigation. NIRS can also be used of appraising visual quality of turf including turf color, density, uniformity and cover and so on. And then the quantitative indexes of visual quality of turf can be drawn. NIRS can help analysis the condition of the plant diseases and insect pests and adopt some prevention and cure measure effectively. As a consequence, the negative reaction on environment is avoided because of spraying bactericide and pesticide blindly. The using of near infrared spectroscopy could be helpful of obtaining the data about the turgrass and environment in golf course and contributed to improve turfgrass management and decision-making effectively. Nowadays some problems baffled the far and wide use of near infrared spectroscopy in golf course. Its widely use needs to accumulate the basic chemical analytical data about the golf course. In addition, another problem need to solve is how to ascertain the ground biomass of turfgrass. It is required for NIRS use widely to invent more portable and 'on-the-go' golf course using near infrared spectroscopy apparatus. Together with the more and deeper research on NIRS, new NIRS apparatuses will come up and the application software of NIRS will be upgraded. NIRS will play a more important role in turf management of golf course.