近红外漫反射光谱法快速测定畜禽粪便堆肥多组分含量

以我国22个省、市120个不同种类的畜禽粪便堆肥样品为研究对象，利用傅里叶变换近红外漫反射光谱技术和偏最小二乘回归法建立了我国畜禽粪便堆肥中水分、挥发性固体、总有机碳、总氮含量、碳氮比、酸碱度和电导率的近红外定量分析校正模型。各参数校正模型的决定系数R2分别为0.981 6，0.901 5，0.961 0，0.987 4，0.741 0，0.788 0和0.870 4；验证集决定系数R2_v分别为0.983 2，0.938 1，0.912 8，0.973 5，0.830 8，0.615 8和0.895 3。研究发现，除酸碱度近红外模型相对分析误差RPD(SD/SEP)值小于2.0外，水分、挥发性固体、总有机碳、总氮含量和电导率近红外模型的相对分析误差RPD值均大于3.0；碳氮比近红外模型相对分析误差RPD值介于2.0到2.5之间。结果表明，近红外漫反射光谱法可以快速测定畜禽粪便堆肥中水分、挥发性固体、总有机碳、总氮含量和电导率，对碳氮比的测定精度有待于进一步提高，对酸碱度的预测效果不理想。

Rapidly Determination of Compositions of Animal Manure Compost Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Composting is a process of aerobic thermophilic microbial degradation or an exothermic biological oxidation of various wastes by many populations of the indigenous microorganisms, which lead to a stabilized, mature, deodorized and hygienic product, free of pathogens and plant seeds, rich in humic substances, less volume, easy to store and marketable as organic amendment or fertilizer. Compared to the conventional wet chemical method, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), a rapid, nondestructive, cost-effective technique, has been extensively used for qualitative and quantitative analysis in the field of agriculture. This study was to explore the capability of NIRS to analyze the compositions of Chinese animal manure compost. A representative population of 120 animal manure compost samples from 22 provinces in China was selected as research object, and this study explored the feasibility of analyzing animal manure compost compositions, which included moisture (Moist), volatile solid (VS), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), C : N, pH and Electronic conductivity (EC) using NIRS. Original samples were scanned with a SPECTRUM ONE NTS (Perkin Elmer, New Jersey, USA) from 10 000 to 4 000 cm(-1). NIRS calibrations of a series of chemical parameters were developed by means of partial least-squares (PLS) regression. Results showed that the determination coefficient of calibration (r2) and the standard error of estimate (SEE) were Moist (0.981 6, 21.98), VS (0.936 5, 37.29), TOC (0.961 0, 16.46), TN (0.987 4, 1.61), C : N (0.741 0, 2.29), pH (0.788 0, 0.48) and EC (0.870 4, 1.74), respectively. The determination coefficient of validation (r2(V)) and the standard error of prediction (SEP) were Moist (0.983 2, 20.99), VS (0.938 1, 35.07), TOC (0.912 8, 26.34), TN (0.973 5, 3.96), C : N (0.830 8, 2.01), pH (0. 615 8, 0.60) and EC (0.895 3, 1.87), respectively. The value of RPD (SD/SEP) for Moist, VS, TOC, TN and EC were all greater than 3.0, 2.39 for C : N and 1.63 for pH. Together, results showed the feasibility and efficiency of NIRS to determinate compositions of animal manure compost.