利用PIXE和ICP-AES 对蛇纹石原料及中国古代蛇纹石玉器的微量元素分析

以蛇纹石这一中国传统的玉材为对象，旨在通过微量元素含量分析来探索古代蛇纹石玉器原料的可能来源。采用无损的外束质子激发X射线荧光技术(PIXE)对来自中国几个典型矿区的蛇纹石样品主量元素和微量元素进行了分析。同时也采用有损的电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱技术(ICP-AES)对这些蛇纹石样品的微量元素含量进行了比较分析。结果表明，两种分析方法所获取的蛇纹石微量元素含量趋势具有一致性，说明PIXE无损分析技术可以应用于蛇纹石的微量元素分析研究。讨论了蛇纹石的微量元素含量与地质成因之间的关系，这些蛇纹石的微量元素含量存在明显的差异，这种差异可以用来区分不同地质成因的蛇纹石。Ⅰ型地质成因的蛇纹石中微量元素中Ni含量较低，且几乎不含Cr和Co，而Ⅱ型地质成因的蛇纹石中则含有较高微量元素的Cr，Co和Ni。采用PIXE技术分析了来自浙江、江苏、河南、安徽和湖北等省出土的新石器时代至战国时期(4585 BC—221 BC)14个遗址或墓葬出土的18件蛇纹石玉器的化学成分，通过与两种地质成因类型蛇纹石的微量元素比较分析，初步推测了这些蛇纹石玉器原料的可能来源。以蛇纹石微量元素含量与地质成因类型之间的关系来探索古代蛇纹石玉器玉料可能的来源是一种有益的尝试。

Trace Element Analysis by PIYE and ICP-AES of Raw Material and Ancient Serpentine Artifacts from China

This work mainly talks about serpentine mineral with the aim to explore the possible raw materials sources of ancient serpentine artifacts by trace element content analysis.The major and trace elements of ser-pentine samples from several typical deposits in China were nondestructively determined by external-beam pro-ton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE).For comparison,trace element concentrations were destructively meas-ured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).The results showed the trend of the trace element contents of serpentine jade obtained by the two methods have preferably coherence,which in-dicate that the nondestructive technique of PIXE can be applied to trace element analysis of serpentine.The re-lationship between trace element contents and serpentine formation mechanism was discussed.The difference of the trace elements contents in these serpentine minerals is obvious.It can be used to distinguish the different kinds of serpentine formed by different mechanisms.A low amount of Ni and almost no Cr and Co were found in type I serpentine group mineral,whereas significant amounts of Cr,Co and Ni were found in Type II ser-pentine group mineral.The chemical composition of 1 8 ancient serpentine artifacts were analyzed by PIXE, they were unearthed from 14 sites and tombs in provinces of Zhejing,Jiangsu,Henan,Anhui and Hubei and dated from Neolithic Age to the Warring States Period (4585 BC—231 BC).By comparing the trace element contents between ancient serpentine artifacts and two kinds of serpentine samples,the provenance of ancient serpentine artifacts were preliminarily inferred.It is beneficial to try to explore the possible raw material of ancient serpentine artifacts based on the relationship between the trace element contents and serpentine forma-tion mechanism in this article.