光谱技术在水产品异物残留检测中的研究进展

十四五期间，我国渔业总产量预计持续增长，水产品进一步成为消费者重要饮食组成，但因销售者与消费者食品安全知识和操作过程存在差距导致的食品安全事件频频发生。光谱技术因快速、无损、测试重现度高的优点，既体现物体的光谱属性，也体现了样品的空间信息，已成为水产品检测技术的热点，但多聚焦于新鲜度检测。该文综述了近10年来光谱技术在水产品异物残留检测的研究进展，分别从鱼骨检测、掺伪分析、寄生虫检测与重金属检测四方面介绍常见光谱技术应用及进展，包括X射线技术（X-Rays）、可见光成像（VIS）、近红外成像（NIR），高光谱成像（HSI）等，介绍目前存在问题的同时，展望光谱技术在水产品异物残留检测的发展前景：传统检测算法进一步优化，多光谱技术被用于水产品异物残留检测；深度学习在特征提取的巨大优势得以应用，光谱技术在水产品异物残留检测的应用领域研究更加深入；光谱技术与多种检测技术的有机融合成为必然趋势，在线实时检测成为可能。

Research Progress of Spectroscopic Techniques in Foreign Object Detection of Aquatic Products

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the total fishery production in China is expected to continue to grow, and aquatic products further become an important dietary component for consumers. However, it is highly likely to lead to food safety incidents due to irregularities in the breeding, processing and cooking processes. Spectroscopy has become a hot spot for aquatic product testing technology because of its advantages of rapid, nondestructive, and high-test reproducibility, reflecting both the spectral properties of objects and the spatial information of samples, but mostly focusing on freshness testing. This paper reviews the literature related to the application and progress of spectroscopic techniques in foreign matter residues of aquatic products in the past 10 years. It introduces the common spectroscopic techniques in their application and progress from four aspects: fishbone detection, adulteration analysis, parasite detection and heavy metal detection, mainly including X-Ray technology, visible imaging, near-infrared imaging, hyperspectral imaging, etc. While introducing the current problems, we look forward to the development of spectroscopic techniques in aquatic products. The development prospect of foreign substance residue detection: traditional detection algorithms are further optimized, and multi-spectral technology is used for foreign substance residue detection of aquatic products; the great advantage of deep learning in feature extraction is applied, and the application field of spectral technology in foreign substance residue detection of aquatic products is studied more deeply; the organic integration of spectral technology and multiple detection technologies becomes an inevitable trend, and online real-time detection becomes possible.