有机膨润土制备及性能表征

采用湿法工艺，分别用十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵与钠基膨润土，进行离子交换反应合成了有机膨润土。以红外光谱、X-ray衍射和差热分析等手段对改性膨润土进行了结构表征，讨论了不同的季铵盐对有机膨润土性能的影响。实验表明，表面活性剂离子进入膨润土晶片层间，使其晶片层间的亲水环境改变为疏水环境并增大晶片层间距离，为制备高聚物／膨润土纳米复合材料奠定基础。

Preparation and Properties of Organobentonites

The chemistry organobentonites were synthesized by means of the ionexchange reaction between single-octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(SOAC), di-octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DOAC) , tri-octadecyl methylammonium chloride (TOAC) quaternary ammonium salts and sodium base bentonites, respectively. The authors used FTIR, X-ray diffraction diagram and DSC thermograms to characterate the structure of the modified bentonites, and discussed the effect of different quaternary ammonium salt on the properties of organobentonites. The results showed that ion of the surfactants had entered into the chip layer of the bentonites, and changed the hydrophilic environment of the chip layer into hydrophobic environment and increased the distance among the chip layer, all of these had laid a base for the preparation of the nanometer composite material of high polymer/bentonite.