生物炭施用对土壤磷及磷酸酶活性影响的可见和荧光光谱法研究

含碳丰富的秸秆在无氧或限氧的条件下低温热解后得到生物炭可施入土壤，有利于缓解秸秆处理压力、减少污染、减少温室气体排放，并改良土壤。在重要的农粮基地辽宁潮棕壤上布置了生物炭还田试验。玉米田施用不同量的生物炭（0，360，1800和3600 kg · ha－1）一个生长季后，研究土壤有效磷（P ）、有机P和全P含量的变化，并采用荧光共轭物质作为测定底物，通过酶解产生荧光物质研究土壤磷酸酶活性的响应。结果表明，生物炭添加到土壤后，土壤有效P含量随生物炭施用量增加而显著升高、有机P和全P的含量没有显著的变化。其原因是生物炭携带有效P而引起的。碱性磷酸单酯酶和磷酸二酯酶活性随生物炭添加量的增加而增大，适量生物炭处理（1800 kg · ha－1）可显著增加酸性磷酸酶，而高量生物炭处理（3600 kg · ha－1）对酸性磷酸酶略有抑制，可能是生物炭自身的偏碱性使土壤pH值增大所致。生物炭的添加对土壤磷素和磷酸酶活性的影响是土壤物理性质、化学性质及土壤微生物群落结构和代谢能力的综合体现，需要进一步深入研究。

Examining the Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Phosphorus Levels and Phosphatase Activities with Visible and Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Biochar could be got from crop straw which contain rich carbon under oxygen free or oxygen limited conditions at low temperature .The application of biochar into soil is beneficial to ease the pressure of handling straw ,reduce pollution ,reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve soil quality .This study was carried out in a cornfield containing meadow brown soil at the lower reaches of Liao River which was treated with different amounts of biochar (0 ,360 ,1 800 ,3 600 kg · ha-1 ) and fertilizer .We investigated the contents of soil availa‐ble phosphorus (AP) ,organic P (OP) and total P (TP) .We also investigated the enzyme activities of soil acid phosphatase (AcP) ,alkaline phosphatase (AlP) and phosphodiesterase (PD) via a fluorescence spectroscopy method by using a fluorescent conjugated polymer as the substrate .Soil AP contents increased drastically with the increasing application of biochar ,whereas the OP and TP contents exhibited little change .The increase in AP contents was ascribed to the introduction of P into the soil via biochar .Soil AlP and PD activities increased with increasing biochar application .Soil AcP activity increased significantly after the application of the appro‐priate amount of biochar (1 800 kg · ha-1 ) ,whereas it was inhibited by the application of high levels of bio‐char (3 600 kg · ha-1 ) ,perhaps due to the intrinsic alkalinity of biochar .The effect of Biochar inputs on soil phosphorus element and phosphatase activity is the comprehensive embodiment of the soil physical properties , chemical properties ,and microbial community structure and metabolic capacity .We should further study such item .The fluorescent microplate method used in this study has many advantages ,such as accuracy ,rapidness and simple to perform .