胜利油田稠油组分的光谱法研究

用红外光谱, 紫外光谱及同步荧光光谱对胜利油田稠油中的沥青质和胶质进行了分析。红外光谱分析结果表明，胶质、沥青质分子含有可形成氢键的羟基、胺基、羧基、羰基等极性基团，说明原油中 胶质分子之间、沥青分子之间及二者相互之间有强烈的氢键作用，具有很强的极性。通过紫外吸收光谱及同步荧光光谱的测定，并与模型化合物的紫外吸收特征峰及荧光光谱的特征峰相比较，结果表明， 芳香单片是研究稠油中胶质、沥青质组分结构的最基本单位。单元芳香片中芳香环的个数以3～4个环为主，共轭芳香环的排列形式主要为“线性排列”，即渺位缩合。但胶质和沥青质的结构也存在着差异， 即胶质中主要含有3～4个环的共轭芳香片，而沥青质中含有少量多于5个环的共轭芳香片，并且这些共轭芳香片有部分“面性排列”，即迫位缩合。

Study on Components in Shengli Viscous Crude Oil by FTIR and UV-Vis Spectroscopy

The asphaltenes and resins in the Shengli viscous crude oil were studied by FTIR, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and synchronous fluorescence spectrometry in order to find out the polarity and the distribution of the number of the aromatic ring in the asphaltenes and resins. The results of FTIR spectrum showed that the molecules of the asphaltene and resin include hydroxy, amido, earboxyl and earbonyl, all of which can make up hydrogen bonds. This accounts for that there is the strong hydrongen bond interaction between the molecules of asphaltenes and those of resins. The structures of resins and asphaltenes were studied by synthetic analysis of the UV absorption spectrum and synchronous fluorescence spectrometry of asphaltenes and resins and by comparison with the model compounds. The results show that the aromatic sheet is the basic unit of the asphaltene and resin. The structures of resins and asphaltenes have similarity. The conjugated aromatic rings in the unit sheet are generally three rings and four rings, whose connection is linear order, namely eata-eondenesed. The difference between asphaltenes and resins is that resins have generally less than five aromatic rings in conjugated aromatic unit, while asphaltenes have more than five aromatic rings. The asphaltenes have more conjugated aromatic units than the resins and their aromatic rings are plane order, namely pericondensed approximate structure model for resins and asphaltenes was obtained by experiment.