等离子体光谱/质谱中悬浮液进样研究进展

等离子体光谱/质谱法是无机元素分析主要的分析方法之一,但其通常要求以溶液形式进样.文章在介绍目前几种固体试样直接进样方法的基础上,着重对悬浮液进样等离子体光谱/质谱研究进展进行综述.叙述悬浮液的制备方法及表征,包括球磨法、混合研磨、振动球磨、超声研磨等降低颗粒的方法.通过分散剂、pH调节等方法分散和稳定悬浮液,并就其关系进行阐述.叙述粒度大小分布测量的几种方法:沉降法、光学显微镜法、光透沉降式粒度仪法、激光散射法、扫描或透射电镜法等.讨论悬浮液浓度影响以及校准方法技术:简单水溶液标准校准法、内标法、经验校正系数法、标准加入法、本征内标法、标准悬浮液法.综述了悬浮液进样的有关基础研究和近年悬浮液进样等离子体光谱/质谱分析应用.

Research Advance in Slurry Sample Introduction for Plasma Emission Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry

The present review is focused on the advances and applications of slurry introduction for plasma spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Preparation and characterization of the suspensions are described, including the methods for decreasing the particle size such as the bottle and bead method, mixing mill method, vibration mill method, and supersonic mill method. Dispersion of the particles can be controlled via adding dispersant and pH adjustment. Some methods for particle size measurement, namely, sedimentation, optical microscopy, photosedimentometry, laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, are also described. Effects of suspension concentration and calibration techniques, including calibration by simple aqueous standard, internal standard, correction by empirical correction factors, standard additions, intrinsic internal standardization, and standard slurries, are discussed. Fundamental study of slurry introduction and its applications to plasma spectrometry/mass spectrometry are reviewed.