遥感数据在农业旱情监测中的应用研究进展

在全球变暖的背景下，农业干旱频发不仅严重影响区域粮食安全和生态安全，同时还威胁社会经济稳定和可持续发展。农业旱情遥感监测是预防农业旱灾发生发展的重要途径，可以为科学制定旱灾风险管理措施提供有力支撑。因此，厘清农业旱情遥感监测研究进展对于今后更好地开展农业旱情监测及预警研究以及进一步促进社会经济的可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。基于此，系统梳理了当前遥感数据在农业旱情监测中的应用研究进展。针对不同的农业旱情评价对象，将旱情监测指标分为降水监测指标、土壤含水量监测指标和作物需水监测指标，并对不同指标涉及的遥感数据源和评价方法进行了归纳和总结。重点针对农业旱情监测涉及的最主要的两种典型地物（土壤和植被）的光谱特性差异和对水分变化的敏感波段不同，系统总结了微波遥感监测法，可见光、近红外与热红外遥感监测法和高光谱遥感监测法用于农业典型地物旱情监测的近今进展，并探讨了未来农业旱情遥感监测研究的主要发展方向，以期为今后更好地开展农业旱情预警和调控管理工作提供参考。

Advance in Agricultural Drought Monitoring Using Remote Sensing Data

At present, frequent agricultural droughts not only seriously affect regional food security and ecological security, but also threaten social economic stability and sustainable development in the context of global warming. Using remote sensing technology to monitor agricultural drought is an important way to prevent the occurrence and development of agricultural drought, which can provide a strong support for people to develop scientific management measures. Hence, understanding the current progress in studies related to the agricultural drought monitoring based on remote sensing data has importance and practical significance in the quantitative evaluation of agricultural drought and promotion of sustainable social and economic development. In this paper, we first introduced the concepts of the drought and agricultural drought and main research methods. Secondly, we reviewed the progress of research on the agricultural drought monitoring by remote sensing, especially in monitoring indices and its methods. The monitoring indices based on remote sensing were classified into three categories: reflecting rainfall change, reflecting soil moisture change and reflecting crop water balance. Beside this, microwave remote sensing monitoring method, multispectral, near infrared and thermal infrared remote sensing monitoring method and hyperspectral remote sensing monitoring method which are sensitive to moisture change were selected to summarize the advance in monitor agricultural drought research by analyzing the two typical land use types of soil and vegetation. The limitations and applicability of different methods for each category were systematically summarized and described. Thirdly, the existing bottlenecks and difficulties in current research were discussed. Finally, in order to provide a reference for quantitative monitoring and analysis of the agricultural drought, the future research directions were equally proposed.