液体介质快脉冲电压下击穿特性研究

 设计了液体介质快脉冲击穿试验装置和电压电流测量系统，研究了重复频率、电极形状及电极间距与介质击穿场强、击穿电压和击穿时延等击穿特性参数的关系，比较了变压器油、十二烷基苯、蓖麻油三种典型液体绝缘介质在直流及快脉冲电压作用下的绝缘性能。结果表明：短脉冲持续时间下液体绝缘材料有异常高的击穿场强；重复脉冲串作用下的击穿场强比单个脉冲下明显减小，重复频率2 kHz时击穿场强减小了约30％；电极头半径大小对击穿也有影响，半径R＝5 mm时，击穿电压最高；击穿时延随击穿场强减小而变长，在其他条件相同的情况下，测得击穿时延随机波动；蓖麻油的快脉冲电压绝缘性能最好，变压器油次之。

Characteristics study of short-pulsed dielectric breakdown in liquids

The breakdown test apparatus with the measurement system of voltage and current signals in liquid dielectrics is designed;The relations of repetitive frequency,electrode shape and gap to some breakdown characteristics of liquid dielectrics such as breakdown field,breakdown voltage,breakdown time,and so on,are theoretically analyzed.And the insulating capabilities of three typical liquid dielectrics(transformer oil,dodecylbenzene,and castor oil) are compared,which indicates that a ranking of the withstand voltage rate for three materials,from smallest to largest,is dodecylbenzene,transformer oil and castor oil.