铜丝水中电爆炸能量沉积特性

对s脉冲电压作用下铜丝水中电爆炸的能量沉积过程进行了实验研究，利用自积分Rogowski线圈和电阻分压器分别测量铜丝电爆炸时的电流和电压。利用测量电压波形确定了熔融起始、熔融结束、汽化起始和击穿时刻点，将铜丝电爆炸划分成熔融、液态和汽化3个阶段。通过数学方法计算了3个阶段和击穿前的沉积总能量。通过实验和计算，分析了电路参数，包括放电电压和回路电感，以及铜丝特性，包括铜丝长度和直径，对铜丝电爆炸过程中3个阶段和击穿前沉积总能量的影响。结果表明:在s脉冲电压作用下，放电电压、回路电感、铜丝长度和直径对熔融阶段能量沉积影响较小，但对液态和汽化阶段能量沉积影响较大，通过调节电路参数提高电流上升速率，可以显著提高汽化和击穿前的沉积能量。

Characteristics of energy deposition in underwater electrical explosion of copper wire

The energy deposition of underwater electrical explosion of a copper wire was investigated with pulsed voltage in the time scale of a few microseconds. A self-integrating Rogowski coil and a voltage divider were used for the measurements of the current and voltage on the wire load, respectively. Three stages of melting, liquid state and vaporization were defined by the definition of four critical time points, i.e. the beginning of melting, the end of melting, the beginning of vaporization and the beginning of breakdown. The deposited energy in the three stages and before breakdown was calculated by mathematical method. The effects of circuit parameters, including applied voltage and circuit inductance, and the properties of copper wire consisting of the length and diameter on deposited energy in the three stages and before breakdown were analyzed by experiment and calculation. The influence of circuit parameters and properties of copper wire is in significant in the melting stage, and obvious in the stages of liquid state and vaporization. By adjusting circuit parameters, the deposited energy in the stage of liquid state and before breakdown obviously increases with the increase of the current rise rate.