100 kV重频气体开关初步研究及应用

为了减小脉冲功率源装置的体积, 对三电极气体开关和两电极气体开关的结构进行了小型化设计。采用电磁场仿真软件对局部结构进行优化, 对初步设计的触发开关和自击穿开关在不同SF6气压（0～0.2 MPa）、不同开关间隙条件下的击穿电压及触发工作电压等进行了实验研究。结果表明:设计的触发开关和自击穿开关在0～0.2 MPa气压范围内, 自击穿电压随气压具有很好的线性关系; 自击穿开关间隙为8 mm, 改变气压（0.1～0.2 MPa）可实现自击穿电压90～125 kV可调; 触发开关主间隙为7 mm, 改变气压（0.1～0.2 MPa）可实现触发工作电压40～95 kV 可调; 初步估算, 触发开关和自击穿开关的工作电感均约20 nH。利用重频脉冲电源, 测试了开关的重频工作能力, 在工作电压80 kV、导通电流约20 kA的条件下, 重复工作频率在20 Hz以上。此外, 利用研制的开关构建了八级紧凑型Marx发生器, 实现了5和10 Hz重频多脉冲输出。

Investigation and application of 100 kV repetitive gas switches

The tri-electrode gas switch and two-electrode rail-gap switch were designed. Experiments for breakdown-voltage and repetitive operation of these switches were done in different gas pressure and gap conditions. The results show the relation between breakdown-voltage and gas pressure is linear. Breakdown-voltage of two-electrode rail-gap switch with 8 mm gap can be adjusted from 90 to 125 kV at gas pressure 0.1 to 0.2 MPa. Operating voltage of trigger switch with 7 mm gap can be adjusted from 40 to 95 kV. Repetitive operation rate of these switches was up to 20 Hz with 20 kA current. Based on these switches, an 8-stage compact Marx generator was setup. Multi-pulse output with 5 or 10 Hz repetitive rate was gained in experiments. The output peak power was about 7 GW for 5 Hz, and 3.5 GW for 10 Hz with pulse width (FWHM) of 150 ns.