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Defect types and room-temperature ferromagnetism in undoped rutile TiO2 single crystals
Authors:Li Dong-Xiang  Qin Xiu-Bo  Zheng Li-Rong  Li Yu-Xiao  Cao Xing-Zhong  Li Zhuo-Xin  Yang Jing  Wang Bao-Yi
Institution:a Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; b School of Physical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; c Research Center for Application of Nuclear Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; d Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract:Room-temperature ferromagnetism has been experimentally observed in annealed rutile TiO2 single crystals when magnetic field is applied parallel to the sample plane. By combining X-ray absorption near edge structure spectrum and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, Ti3+–VO defect complexes (or clusters) have been identified in annealed crystals at high vacuum. We elucidate that the unpaired 3d electrons in Ti3+ ions provide the observed room-temperature ferromagnetism. Besides, excess oxygen ions in TiO2 lattice could induce a number of Ti vacancies which increase magnetic moments obviously.
Keywords:annealing  oxygen vacancies  Ti3+&ndash  VO defect complexes  ferromagnetism
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