高压下ZnO超快极性扩散过程研究

 利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）等手段，研究了在5 GPa 压力下六方ZnO粉末的结晶过程。系统考查了温度与保温时间对ZnO扩散与结晶过程的影响。结果发现，在高压下ZnO固体的扩散速度大大增加，400 ℃保温0.5 h即可获得理论密度达99%以上的单相、致密的六方相ZnO陶瓷，所有样品均沿晶界开裂，并导致500 ℃以上只能获得单晶与多晶混合的粉末样品；850 ℃保温5 min可制备出平均尺寸超过100 μm、最大尺寸超过350 μm的浅黄色单晶。对实验结果的分析表明：ZnO固体在高压下可能存在一种超快极性扩散机制，这一效应使高压下的ZnO晶粒沿择优方向迅速生长，晶界快速迁移，相邻晶粒生长融合，最后形成单晶；而晶粒在生长过程中沿其它方向发生收缩，促使样品沿晶界开裂。

Possible Existence of Ultra Fast Polarity Diffusion Process of ZnO under High Pressure

The effects of heating temperature and duration time on the process of ZnO crystallization under the pressure of 5 GPa are studied systemically by the methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results show that the diffusion rate of ZnO increases greatly under high-pressure and the sample density higher than 99% of the theoretical value can be achieved after heated at 400 ℃ and 5 GPa for 0.5 h. With the increasing of the heating temperature, micro-cracks develop along crystal boundary in all samples, and eventually ZnO powder mixed with single crystals and poly-crystals forms above 500 ℃. The pale yellow crystallites with an average size of 100 μm and the largest size more than 350 μm was obtained at 850 ℃ after heating of 5 min. The sample morphology analysis shows that the reason for the ultra fast crystallization of ZnO under high pressure is possibly caused by a very quick diffusion rate of ZnO along certain direction. The crystal boundary along such direction moves very quickly under high-pressure until the neighboring micro-crystals merge into a single crystal in a short time, while the micro-crystals shrink in the other direction and cause micro-cracks along other crystal boundaries.