裸爆和特制半球形结构内爆超压对比实验研究

 爆炸焊接过程会产生爆炸地震、冲击波、有毒气体和噪音等有害效应。设计并制作一个直径为36 m、入口和排烟口直径分别为8 m的半球形结构，用以降低爆炸焊接过程中产生的超压影响。为了研究实际超压降低效果，进行了裸爆和按1/6比例建立的半球形结构内爆炸的超压对比实验。实验结果表明：当超压的传播距离大于20 m时，这种半球形结构能有效降低爆炸焊接过程中产生的超压；对于相同的超压传播距离，切线方向（垂直于半球形结构入口方向）比径向方向（半球形结构入口方向）的超压降低效果好。结合冲击波的传播和反射特点，对超压降低的可能原因进行了分析。

Overpressure Comparison of Blasting in Air and Special-Made Hemispherical Structure

The explosive welding process always accompanies with explosive vibration,shock waves,overpressure,hazardous gases and noises.A method of designing a hemispherical structure with 36 m in diameter,whose entrance and smoke extraction opening are 8 m in height and 8 m in diameter respectively,is proposed to decrease the influence of overpressure during the explosive welding process.In order to evaluate the rationality and efficiency of the special-made hemispherical structure,the overpressure comparative experiments of blasting are carried out in air and in the special-made hemispherical structure with a 1/6 scale factor.The experimental results prove that the hemispherical structure with a 1/6 scale factor reduces the overpressure efficiently,especially for the propagation distance longer than 20 m.Furthermore,the overpressure along the tangent direction(perpendicular to the entrance of the hemispherical structure) is lowered more than that along the radial direction(the entrance of the hemispherical structure) for the same propagation distance.Considering the characteristics of propagation and reflection of shock waves,the possible reasons for the overpressure decreasing of blasting in the hemispherical structure are also discussed.