A simple scattering model for measuring particle mass fractions in multiphase flows

In this paper we present a simple theoretical model of how pulsed ultrasound is attenuated by the particles in a solid/liquid flow. The theoretical model is then used to predict the attenuation of sound, given the mass fraction, the density, and the size distribution of the solid particles. The model is verified experimentally for suspensions of 0-10% (by mass) Dolomite ((Ca,Mg)CO3) particles and water. The experimental results show that the attenuation of sound due to particles varies linearly with mass fraction, and that the proposed theoretical model can be used to predict this attenuation. In all experiments the transmitter and receiver array were clamped onto the pipe wall, thus providing a completely non-invasive and non-intrusive measurement technique.