Charged pion condensation in anti-parallel electromagnetic fields and nonzero isospin density |
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Authors: | Jingyi Chao Mei Huang Andrey Radzhabov |
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Institution: | 1. Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China2. School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China3. Matrosov Institute for System Dynamics and Control Theory SB RAS Lermontov str., 134, 664033, Irkutsk, Russia |
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Abstract: | The formation of charged pion condensate in anti-parallel electromagnetic fields and in the presence of the isospin chemical potential is studied in the two-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model. The method of Schwinger proper time is extended to explore the quantities in the off-diagonal flavor space, i.e. the charged pion. In this framework, π~± are treated as bound states of quarks and not as point-like charged particles. The isospin chemical potential plays the role of a trigger for charged pion condensation. We obtain the associated effective potential as a function of the strength of the electromagnetic fields and find that it contains a sextic term which possibly induces a weak first order phase transition. The dependence of pion condensation on model parameters is investigated. |
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Keywords: | pion condensate electromagnetic fields weakly first order phase transition |
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