Atmospheric channel effects on free-space laser communication |
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Authors: | Jennifer C Ricklin Stephen M Hammel Frank D Eaton and Svetlana L Lachinova |
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Institution: | (1) Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Advanced Technology Office, 3701 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, USA;(2) Atmospheric Propagation Branch, 2858, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego, CA 92152, USA;(3) AFRL/DESA, Air Force Research Laboratory, 3550 Aberdeen Ave. SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117, USA;(4) Intelligent Optics Laboratory, University of Maryland, 2107 Technology Ventures Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA |
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Abstract: | Free-space laser communication offers an attractive alternative for
transferring high-bandwidth data when fiber optic cable is neither practical
nor feasible. However, there are a variety of deleterious features of the
atmospheric channel that may lead to serious signal fading, and even the
complete loss of signal altogether. Physical obstructions—such as birds,
insects, tree limbs, or other factors—can temporarily or permanently
block the laser line-of-sight. Platform/building motion due to wind,
differential heating and cooling, or ground motion over time can result in
serious misalignment of fixed-position laser communication systems. But most
importantly of all, absorption and scattering due to particulate matter in
the atmosphere may significantly decrease the transmitted optical signal,
while random atmospheric distortions due to optical turbulence can severely
degrade the wave-front quality of a signal-carrying laser beam, causing
intensity fading and random signal losses at the receiver. |
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