BCS-BEC crossover and quantum hydrodynamics in <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-wave superfluids with a symmetry of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis>1 phase |
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Authors: | M Yu Kagan and D V Efremov |
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Institution: | (1) Microkelvin Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8440, USA;(2) Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; |
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Abstract: | We solve the Leggett equations for the BCS-BEC crossover in a three dimensional resonance p-wave superfluid with the symmetry of the A1 phase. We calculate the sound velocity, the normal density, and the specific heat for the BCS domain (μ > 0), for the BEC
domain (μ < 0), and close to the important point μ = 0 in the 100% polarized case. We find the indications of a quantum phase
transition close to the point μ(T = 0) = 0. Deep in the BCS and BEC domains, the crossover ideas of Leggett, Nozieres, and Schmitt-Rink work quite well. We
discuss the spectrum of orbital waves, the paradox of intrinsic angular momentum and the complicated problem of chiral anomaly
in the BCS A1 phase at T = 0. We present two different approaches to the chiral anomaly, based on supersymmetric hydrodynamics and on the formal analogy
with the Dirac equation in quantum electrodynamics. We evaluate the damping of nodal fermions due to different decay processes
in the superclean case at T = 0 and find that a ballistic regime ωτ ≫ 1 occurs. We propose to use aerogel or nonmagnetic impurities to reach the hydrodynamic
regime ωτ ≪ 1 at T = 0. We discuss the concept of the spectral flow and exact cancelations between time derivatives of anomalous and quasiparticle
currents in the equation for the total linear momentum conservation. We propose to derive and solve the kinetic equation for
the nodal quasiparticles in both the hydrodynamic and ballistic regimes to demonstrate this cancelation explicitly. We briefly
discuss the role of the other residual interactions different from damping and invite experimentalists to measure the spectrum
and damping of orbital waves in the A phase of 3He at low temperatures. |
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