Evaluation and comparison of three novel microbubbles: Enhancement of ultrasound-induced cell death and free radicals production |
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Authors: | Mariame A Hassan Loreto B Feril Kosho Suzuki Nobuki Kudo Katsuro Tachibana Takashi Kondo |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;2. Department of Anatomy, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Nanakuma 7-45-1, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;3. Nepa Gene Co., Ltd., Shioyaki 3-1-6, Ichikawa 272-0114, Japan;4. Laboratory of Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan |
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Abstract: | Three novel lipid-shell-type microbubbles (MBs), AS-0100, BG6356A and BG6356B, have been evaluated for their impact on ultrasound (US)-induced cell death and free radicals production. Previously studied and well-characterized US exposure conditions were employed in which human myelomonocytic lymphoma U937 cells were exposed to 1 MHz pulsed US beam (0.3 W/cm2, 10% duty factor) for 1 min with or without MBs. Three different concentrations of each MB were used. Apoptosis and cell lysis were assessed by examining phosphatidylserine externalization and by counting viable cells, respectively, 6 h post-exposure. Free radicals production and scavenging activities were evaluated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-spin trapping. The results showed that only AS-0100 and BG6356A were able to enhance the US-induced apoptosis, mainly by increasing the secondary necrosis. Apoptosis and cell lysis seemed to depend more on mechanical forces exerted by oscillating MBs while free radicals played a trivial role. BG series MBs exhibited pronounced scavenging activities. Generally, despite the need for further optimization, AS-0100 and BG6356A appear to be promising as adjuncts in cases where US-induced cell death is required. |
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