Sonocatalytic degradation of Acid Blue 92 using sonochemically prepared samarium doped zinc oxide nanostructures |
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| Institution: | 1. Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, 51579-44533 Tabriz, Iran;3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 712-749 Gyeongsan, South Korea;4. Center for Research Facilities, Yeungnam University, 712-749 Gyeongsan, South Korea;1. SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea;1. Key Laboratory for Precision & Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China;2. Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China;3. School of Electrical Engineering and Information, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;2. Department of Seasoning and Foods Division, San-Ei Gen F.F.I., Inc., 1-1-11, Sanwa-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-8588, Japan;3. Department of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;4. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;5. Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;6. Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita-shi 870-1192, Japan;7. Research Center for Technology of Nuclear Industrial Material, Indonesia Nuclear Energy Agency, Gedung 42, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15419, Indonesia;8. Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta, JL.Ir.H.Juanda Ciputat, Tangerang, Indonesia;1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran;2. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran;3. Kurdistan Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Pure and Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized applying a simple sonochemical method. The nanocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques which confirmed the successful synthesis of the doped sonocatalyst. The sonocatalytic degradation of Acid Blue 92 (AB92), a model azo dye, was more than that with sonolysis alone. The 6% Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles had a band gap of 2.8 eV and demonstrated the highest activity. The degradation efficiency (DE%) of sonolysis and sonocatalysis with undoped ZnO and 6% Sm-doped ZnO was 45.73%, 63.9%, and 90.10%, after 150 min of treatment, respectively. Sonocatalytic degradation of AB92 is enhanced with increasing the dopant amount and catalyst dosage and with decreasing the initial AB29 concentration. DE% declines with the addition of radical scavengers such as chloride, carbonate, sulfate, and tert-butanol. However, the addition of enhancers including potassium periodates, peroxydisulfate, and hydrogen peroxide improves DE% by producing more free radicals. The results show adequate reusability of the doped sonocatalyst. Degradation intermediates were recognized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Using nonlinear regression analysis, an empirical kinetic model was developed to estimate the pseudo-first-order constants (kapp) as a function of the main operational parameters, including the initial dye concentration, sonocatalyst dosage, and ultrasonic power. |
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| Keywords: | Sonocatalysis Degradation Sm-doped ZnO Nanocatalyst Sonocatalyst Kinetic modeling |
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