Acute effects of sono-activated photocatalytic titanium dioxide nanoparticles on oral squamous cell carcinoma |
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| Institution: | 1. Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;2. Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia;3. Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia;4. Department of Anatomical Pathology, Sydney South West Pathology Service (SSWPS) Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia;5. Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;6. Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia;7. Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;8. Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;1. Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore 632 115, Tamilnadu, India;2. Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India;3. Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China;4. School of Biological Science and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 104, Tamilnadu, India;5. DST PURSE Centre, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India |
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| Abstract: | Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a new treatment modality using ultrasound to activate certain chemical sensitizers for cancer therapy. In this study, effects of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) combined with photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on human oral squamous cell line HSC-2 were investigated. Viability of HSC-2 cells after 0, 0.1, 1, or 3 s of HIFU irradiation with 20, 32, 55 and 73 W cm−2 intensities in the presence or absence of TiO2 was measured immediately after the exposures in vitro. Immediate effects of HIFU (3 s, 73 W cm−2) combined with TiO2 on solid tumors were also examined by histological study. Cytotoxic effect of HIFU + TiO2 in vitro was significantly higher than that of TiO2 or HIFU alone with the tendency to increase for higher HIFU intensity, duration, and TiO2 concentration in the suspension. In vivo results showed significant necrosis and tissue damage in HIFU and HIFU + TiO2 treated samples. However, penetration of TiO2 nanoparticles into the cell cytoplasm was only observed in HIFU + TiO2 treated tissues. In this study, our findings provide a rational basis for the development of an effective HIFU based sonodynamic activation method. This approach offers an attractive non-invasive therapy technique for oral cancer in future. |
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| Keywords: | Sonodynamic therapy High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) Oral squamous cell carcinoma |
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