前列腺低温微创治疗及器件的研究

利用低温冷冻破坏前列腺增生或肿瘤组织治疗疾病具有许多的优点,如出血少、痛苦小,有时甚至不需要麻醉。前列腺冷冻术可采用两种方法,即穿刺式和接触式。穿刺式就是将探针直接插入病灶组织中心,予以冷冻,主要用于较小的病灶;接触式就是将探针冷冻区接触病灶组织表面予以冷冻,主要用于较小的前列腺增生或不规则的肿瘤等,有时也可将二者结合使用。冷冻术最大的优点还在于可防止肿瘤细胞的扩散。文中详细介绍前列腺冷冻治疗的机理、冷冻探针的结构特点及临床应用效果。

Study on the minimally invasive cryosurgery and its device used for the prostate

Cryogenic freezing has been used to produce necrosis(tissue death) in several types of tumor.Electrical or chemical destruction and irradiation have been used to kill cancerous tissue,but cryosurgery offers certain advantages.There is no bleeding to complicate the operation,and little pain is noticed during freezing.In fact,cryosurgery has been used to relieve pain in terminal cases of cancer by freezing the nerves in the vicinity of the tumor.Two techniques have been used in cryosurgery of prostate tumor:(1)Inserting the probe into the tumor and freezing it and(2)Applying the probe tip to the surface of the tumor and freezing from the outside inward.Insertion of the cryosurgery probe within the tumor has the advantages of disrupting the tumor and scattering the cancerous cells.These advantages is not thought to be serious,because the freed cells are usually imprisoned in ice and killed before they can spread into normal regions. At last,this paper introduces mechanism of cryosurgery,the structure of cryosurgical probe used for prostate and its effects of clinic application.