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Pulmonary MRI contrast using Surface Quadrupolar Relaxation (SQUARE) of hyperpolarized Kr
Authors:Joseph S Six  Theodore Hughes-Riley  David ML Lilburn  Alan C Dorkes  Karl F Stupic  Dominick E Shaw  Peter G Morris  Ian P Hall  Galina E Pavlovskaya  Thomas Meersmann
Institution:1. Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;2. School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;3. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;4. Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
Abstract:Hyperpolarized 83Kr has previously been demonstrated to enable MRI contrast that is sensitive to the chemical composition of the surface in a porous model system. Methodological advances have lead to a substantial increase in the 83Kr hyperpolarization and the resulting signal intensity. Using the improved methodology for spin exchange optical pumping of isotopically enriched 83Kr, internal anatomical details of ex vivo rodent lung were resolved with hyperpolarized 83Kr MRI after krypton inhalation. Different 83Kr relaxation times were found between the main bronchi and the parenchymal regions in ex vivo rat lungs. The T1 weighted hyperpolarized 83Kr MRI provided a first demonstration of surface quadrupolar relaxation (SQUARE) pulmonary MRI contrast.
Keywords:83Kr  Krypton-83  Kr-83 hyperpolarization  Hyperpolarized  Noble gas MRI  Spin polarization  Cryogenic separation  Spin-exchange optical pumping  Nuclear electric quadrupole moment  Quadrupolar relaxation  Surface sensitive contrast  Pre-clinical MRI  Pulmonary MRI  Lung surfactant
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