A flexible 9-channel coil array for fast 3D MR thermometry in MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) studies on rabbits at 3?T

Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a critical factor in MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for local heating, which can affect the accuracy of temperature measurement. In order to achieve high SNR and higher temporal resolution, dedicated coil arrays for MR-guided HIFU applications need to be developed. In this work, a flexible 9-channel coil array was designed, and constructed at 3 T to achieve fast temperature mapping for MR-guided HIFU applications on rabbit leg muscle. Coil performance was evaluated for SNR, and parallel imaging capability by in-vivo studies. Compared to a commercially available 4-channel flexible coil array, the dedicated 9-channel coil array has a much higher SNR, with at least a 2.6-fold increment in the region of interest (ROI). The inverse g-factors maps demonstrated that the dedicated 9-channel coil array has a better parallel imaging capability than the Flex Small 4. With accelerations normal to the array direction, both coil arrays showed much higher g-factors than those of accelerations along the array direction. Room temperature mapping was implemented to evaluate the temperature measurement accuracy by in-vivo experiments. The precisions of the 9-channel coil, ±0.18 °C for un-acceleration and ± 0.56 °C for acceleration at R = 2 × 2, both improved by an order of magnitude than these of the 4-channel coil, which were ± 1.45 °C for un-acceleration and ± 3.52 °C for acceleration at R = 2 × 2. In the fast temperature imaging on the rabbit leg muscle with heating, a high temporal resolution of 3.3 s with a temperature measurement precision of ±0.56 °C has been achieved using the dedicated 9-channel coil. This study demonstrates that the dedicated 9-channel coil array for rabbit leg imaging provides improved performance in SNR, parallel imaging capability, and the accuracy of temperature measurement compared to a commercial 4-channel coil, and it also achieves fast temperature mapping in practical MR-guided HIFU applications.