空心光束的产生及其在现代光学中的应用

近年来,随着激光应用技术的发展,各种中心强度为零的激光束被相继产生,并正在形成一个新颖的所谓空心光束(也称暗中空光束)的大家族。作为激光导管、光学镊子(光钳)和光学扳手,空心光束在微观粒子(如微米粒子、纳米粒子、自由电子、生物细胞和原子或分子等)的精确、无接触操纵和控制中有着广泛的应用。本文将首先给出空心光束的定义及其参数,并详细介绍各种空心光束产生的基本原理、方法及其实验结果。其次,就空心光束的分类及其应用场合进行了简单归纳与讨论。最后就空心光束在微观粒子(包括微米粒子、纳米粒子、生物细胞和自由电子等)的光学囚禁与操控中的应用进行简要综述,并就空心光束的产生与应用及其未来研究与应用前景进行了简短总结与展望。

GENERATION OF HOLLOW LASER BEAMS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN MODERN OPTICS

In recent years,with the development of laser applied technolodge,various hollow laser beams with zero central intensity have been generated,and a new big family of so-called hollow laser beam is being formed. As novel optical pipes,optical tweezers and spanners,the hollow laser beams are widely applied in the accurate,non-contacted manipulations and controls of microscopic particles (such as micrometer particles,nanometer particles,biological cells and neutral atoms and molecules). In this paper,the definition of the hollow laser beam and its parameters are first presented,and the basic principles,methods and experimental results to generate the hollow laser beams are reviewed in detail. Afterwards,the classification of the hollow laser beams and their applicable areas are discussed,and the applications of the hollow laser beams in modern optics are introduced. Finally,the generation of the hollow laser beams and their applications are summarized,and brief outlook on some future study of the hollow laser beams and their applied prospects are made.