量子相变和量子临界现象

本文综述凝聚态物理学中的量子相变和量子临界现象,首先考察了相变中存在量子效应的可能性,通过横磁场Ising模型介绍了量子相变的基本特征;接下来对照热临界现象,引入了量子标度和量子重正化的基本概念和操作方式;然后利用量子临界现象的方案,分析了密度驱动、无序驱动和关联驱动的金属-绝缘体相变;继续利用量子临界性的概念探讨如重电子化合物、铜氧化物和巡游铁磁体这类复杂的相互作用多粒子系统;最后选择量子点、碳纳米管和单层石墨为例,介绍了量子临界性在低维和纳米系统研究中的作用.

QUANTUM PHASE TRANSITION AND QUANTUM CRITICAL PHENOMENA

In this paper we review the quantum phase transitions and quantum critical phenomena in condensed-matter physics.Firstly,we consider the possibility of quantum effects in phase transitions,and introduce the basic characteristics in quantum phase transitions via the Ising model;next,in contrast to the thermal critical phenomena,the fundamental concepts and operation method of quantum scaling and renormalization are introduced;afterwards,by the scheme of quantum critical scaling,we analyze the density-driven,disorder-driven and correlation-driven metal-insulator transitions;in the next stage,we investigate complex interacting many-particle systems by quantum criticality;finally,taking quantum dots,carbon nanotubes and graphene as examples,we analyze the role of quantum criticality in the lowdimensional and nano-size systems.