γ射线暴的最新研究进展:火球模型、余辉及前身星

γ射线暴（称简γ暴）的研究在最近几年里有了巨大的突破。观测上，人们发现了γ暴的低能余辉以及与γ射线发同时的光学爆发，还发现了它位于宇学距离的寄主星系。越来越多的观测证据还表明长时标γ暴与恒星形成区、甚至可能与超新星成协。在γ暴的相对论火球模型框架下，人们对γ暴以及余辉的产生机制的认识也有了进展。进而人们对γ暴的前身星以及环境效应等有了新的认识。本文旨在对这些进展和认识给一个扼要的评述。

PROGRESS IN GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: THE FIREBALL MODEL,AFTERGLOWS AND PROGENITORS

Major advances have been made in the field of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in recent years. In the aspect of observations, fading X-ray, optical and radio afterglows, optical burst occurring during the gamma-ray emission, and the GRB host galaxies at cosmological distance are discovered. There is evidence showing that many GRBs of long duration are associated with star-forming regions and possibly supernovae. Progress has been made in understanding how the GRB and afterglow radiation arises in terms of a relativistic reball shock model. With these advances, people are now getting better understandings of their progenitors and the effects of the environment, etc. Here we will give a review on these advances and understandings.