凝聚态物理学中的基本概念

本文首先根据物质世界的层次化来说明凝聚态物理学在当今物理学中所处的地位，并阐述了复杂与简单的辨证关系，来说明为何这一学科至今仍然富有生命力；进而对这一学科的范围进行了讨论，强调了位形空间和动量空间中都存在多种类型的凝聚现象，而相应的凝聚体构成了这一学科的研究对象；还探讨了处理凝聚态理论问题的量子物理与经典物理方法有效领域的界限与分野；最终对此学科的发展历史进行回顾，并追溯和剖析了其概念全系的演变，

BASIC CONCEPTS IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS

In this paper we start from the stratification of physical world to discuss the situation of condensed matter physics within the context of physics today, and we show why this branch of physics is still full of vitality due to the dialectical relationship between complexity and simplicity. Further we try to define the scope of condensed matter physics, stressing the importance of various types of condensation phenomena both in configuration space and momentum space. we also try to make the boundaries of region of validity for the methods of quantum physics and classical physics in its theoretical treatments. Finally we trace the historical development of this discipline, analyze the evolution of its conceptual framework, and try to decipher the paradigms corresponding to solid state physics and condensed matter physics respectively in order to help those who are now engaged in the study of condensed matter physics.