Novel Comparative Synchronous Spectrofluorimetric Study of Benzo(a)pyrene Using Beta-Cyclodextrin and Calix(8)arene as Fluorescence Enhancers

Successfully benzo(a)pyrene could be quantitified in environmental samples by a novel synchronous spectrofluorimetric techniques at a constant wavelength difference Δλ?=?120 nm, using beta-cyclodextrin ‘β-CD’ and calix(8)arene as fluorescence enhancers, where a linear calibration curve was obtained in a concentration range of 900–14,400 pg mL^?1 and 18–360 pg mL^?1 and the detection limit of 380.00 pg mL^?1 and 12.08 pg mL^?1 (which is well below the maximum contaminant concentration for benzo(a)pyrene set by the Environmental Protection Agency ‘EPA’) using both enhancers, respectively. The method can be easily adopted for determination of benzo(a)pyrene in aqueous media including tap water, river water and complex water samples. The recoveries obtained were 85.13–113.36 % with RSD?<?4 %. The proposed method was validated according to International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guide lines and successfully applied to determine benzo(a)pyrene in pure form and in water samples including contaminated environmental water samples. All the results obtained were compared with those of a published method, where no significant difference was observed.