基于金刚石氮-空位色心的精密磁测量

磁是一种重要的物理现象,对其进行精密测量推动了许多科技领域的发展.各类测磁技术,包括霍尔传感器、超导量子干涉仪、自旋磁共振等,都致力于提升空间分辨率和灵敏度.近年来,金刚石中的氮-空位色心广受关注.这一固态单自旋体系具有许多优点,例如易于初始化和读出、可操控、具有较长相干时间等,这使得它不仅在量子信息、量子计算等领域崭露头角,而且在量子精密测量上显现出巨大的应用前景.基于氮-空位色心,利用动力学解耦、关联谱等技术,已实现若干高灵敏度、高分辨率的微观磁共振实验,其中包括纳米尺度乃至单分子、单自旋的核磁共振和电子顺磁共振.氮-空位色心也可以用于微波和射频信号的精密测量.本文对围绕上述主题开展的一系列研究工作进行综述.

High-resolution magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Magnetism is one of the most important physical phenomena. The precision measurement of magnetism gives impetus to science and technology. Various techniques, including Hall sensors, superconducting quantum interference devices, and magnetic resonance, are used for trying to improve the resolution and the sensitivity of magnetometry. In recent years, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have been investigated extensively. This solid-state spin system is convenient to initialize, manipulate, and read out. It has been applied to the experimental study of quantum information and computation, and more importantly, it has displayed enormous potential applications in magnetometry. With various techniques such as dynamical decoupling and correlation spectroscopy that are being applied to NV centers, the microscopic magnetic resonance with high resolution and sensitivity has been implemented. Typical examples of these achievements are the nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance of nanoscale samples, and even of single molecules or single spins. The NV centers can also be used for precisely measuring the microwave and radiofrequency field. The issues mentioned above will be outlined in this review.