基于表面磁感应强度的铁磁构件应力恒磁表征方法

便捷获取铁磁承载构件应力对维护基础设施安全具有重要意义.其关键在于准确快速地确定随应力变化灵敏度高、线性度好的表征参数.现有电磁检测法一般在时变磁场线圈激励下，逐点分析实验结果来确定合适的表征参数，会带来线圈发热、涡流影响结果的问题，表征磁参数的确立繁琐.为此，本文提出基于表面磁感应强度的铁磁构件应力恒磁表征方法，采用永磁恒定磁化器产生全局衰减局部均匀的空间变化磁场作激励，用正交磁场测量单元拾取构件表面轴向和法向磁感应强度以表征应力.着重阐述基于表面磁感应强度的应力表征原理：根据退磁场理论、磁场强度切向连续性和磁场高斯定理，建立表面轴向和法向磁感应强度关于应力导函数之间的关系方程.最后开展实验验证.结果表明：根据该关系方程可快速准确地确定随应力灵敏度最高的表面磁感应强度，且其随应力变化线性度较好，拟合优度R²大于0.98，可作为应力表征磁参数.本文所提方法可为在线检测铁磁构件应力提供新途径.

A method of characterizing axial stress in ferromagnetic members using superficial magnetic flux density obtained from static magnetization by permanent magnet

It is of great significance to obtain the information about the stress of load-bearing ferromagnetic members quickly in order to maintain the safety of the infrastructure. The key point is to accurately and quickly determine the characterization parameters which change sensitively and linearly with the stress. Among the existing electromagnetic methods of determining axial stress in ferromagnetic members, exciting coils are usually adopted to exert a time-varying magnetic field on the ferromagnetic members, which will induce the problems of winding coils, coil heating, and eddy current that influences the test results. What is worse is that it is inevitable to compare the experimental data point by point to determine the adequate magnetic parameter characterizing the stress, which influences the fast determining of the axial stress in ferromagnetic members. In order to break through these limitations, in this paper we propose a method of determining the axial stress in ferromagnetic members by using superficial magnetic flux density obtained from static magnetization in permanent magnets. In this method, permanent magnetizers are adopted to excite the overall damping and local uniform spatially-varying constant magnetic field on ferromagnetic members. A testing probe including Hall chip array is adopted to measure the superficial axial and radial magnetic flux density to determine the axial stress of the ferromagnetic member. The principle is elaborated to choose the adequate superficial magnetic flux density fast and precisely for characterizing the axial stress in ferromagnetic members. According to the theory of demagnetizing field, the continuity of the tangential magnetic field strength and Gauss's law for magnetism, the relational equation between the derivative of superficial axial magnetic flux density with the stress and the derivative of superficial radial magnetic flux density with the stress is established. Then, an experiment is conducted to verify the proposed method. The experimental results show that according to this relational equation, the superficial magnetic flux density with the highest stress sensitivity can be determined quickly and accurately. What is more, the linearity of the superficial magnetic flux density varying with the stress is good, and the goodness of the corresponding linear fitting R² is greater than 0.98. It means that the determined superficial magnetic flux density can be used as a feature parameter to characterize the stress in ferromagnetic members. The proposed method of determining the axial stress in this paper can provide a new way of on-line detecting the working stress in ferromagnetic components.