高时间稳定性的雪崩光电二极管单光子探测器

雪崩光电二极管单光子探测器是一种具有超高灵敏度的光电探测器件,在远距离激光测距、激光成像和量子通信等领域有非常重要的应用.然而,由于雪崩光电二极管单光子探测器的雪崩点对工作温度高度敏感,因此在外场环境下工作时容易出现增益波动,继而导致单光子探测器输出信号的延时发生漂移,严重降低了探测器的时间稳定性.本文发展了一种稳定输出延时的方法,采用嵌入式系统控制雪崩光电二极管,使其处于恒定温度,并实时补偿由环境温度引起的延时漂移,实现了雪崩光电二极管单光子探测器的高时间稳定性探测.实验中,环境温度从16 ℃变化到36 ℃,雪崩光电二极管的工作温度稳定在15 ℃,经过延时补偿,雪崩光电二极管单光子探测器输出延时漂移小于±1 ps,时间稳定度达到0.15 ps@100 s.这项工作有望为全天候野外条件和空间极端条件下的高精度单光子探测应用提供有效的解决方法.

Avalanche photodiode single-photon detector with high time stability

Avalanche photodiode single-photon detector is one of the ultra-sensitivity photoelectric detector,which has important applications in the fields of long-distance laser ranging,laser imaging,and quantum communication.However,due to the high temperature sensitivity of the avalanche voltage,the avalanche photodiode single-photon detector is prone to fluctuation of the avalanche gain when it works in the field environment,which leads to the delay drift and seriously reduces the time stability.In this paper,we proposed a method of stabilizing the delay of the single-photon detector.An embedded system was used to control avalanche photodiode at constant low temperature and compensate the delay drift of the detection circuit caused by the change of environment temperature in real time.A high time stability avalanche photodiode single-photon detector was realized by this method.In the experiment,the environment temperature changed from 16℃to 36℃and the avalanche photodiode was controlled at 15℃.After compensation,the delay drift of the avalanche photodiode single-photon detector was within±1 ps,and the time deviation was 0.15 ps@100 s.This work is expected to provide an effective solution for the application of high-stability single-photon detector in the field and space environment.