近50年来中国东、西部地面太阳辐射变化及其与大气环境变化的关系

利用1961-2011年中国东、西部地区地面太阳辐射和长期气象数据观测资料, 综合分析了东、西部地区地面太阳总辐射的变化特征, 并结合云量、日照百分率、风速、相对湿度等分析了影响东、西部地面太阳总辐射的变化原因. 结果表明: 近50年来东、西部地区地面太阳总辐射整体呈下降趋势, 下降幅度有所不同; 20世纪90年代之前大部分地区地面太阳总辐射呈下降趋势, 之后呈缓慢增加; 东西部各地区地面太阳总辐射与日照时数间存在显著相关性; 分析影响地面太阳总辐射减少的因素, 东部地区地面太阳总辐射与日照百分率呈显著正相关, 日照百分率是影响地面太阳总辐射减少的主要因素, 总云量与低云量已不是东部地区影响太阳辐射的主要因素; 西部地区地面太阳辐射与云量相关性较低, 主要受大气污染和日照百分率的影响. 风速成为影响地面大气辐射的一个重要因子, 并且风是驱逐大气对流层雾霾等大气污染的主要因子, 这进一步证实了大气污染已经成为影响地面太阳辐射的重要因素, 尤其在中国东部地区.

Correlative analysis between the changes of surface solar radiation and its relationship with air pollution,as well as meteorological factor in eastern and western China in recent 50 years

Based on the solar radiation information and climatic observation data from 1961 to 2011 in both East and West China, the interannual trends of surface solar radiation are investigated. By combining with cloud cover, sunshine percentage, sunshine duration, wind speed, atmospheric turbidity, and relative humidity, the causes affecting the variations of the total surface solar radiation in East China and West China are analyzed. The results show that the surface solar radiation decreased from 1961 to 2010 in both East and West China, but there was an abrupt change, which occurred in the early 1990s, followed by sustained increase. The surface solar radiation decreased from 1961 to 2010 in East China, and the decrease of surface solar radiation in the eastern region was greater than in the western region. The surface solar radiation is significantly correlated with sunshine duration in both East and West China. In East China, the surface solar radiation is significantly positively correlated with the percentage of sunshine. It indicates that the percentage of sunshine duration is the main factor affecting the total surface solar radiation in East China. The decrease of the total surface solar radiation is influenced by many factors. In East China, the percentage of sunshine and the atmospheric turbidity factor are the main factors affecting the surface solar radiation reduction. There is no correlation between cloud and ground solar total radiation. However, the percentage of sunshine is affected mainly by cloud cover and air pollution. In West China, no significant correlation is found between surface solar radiation and cloud cover, but significant correlation is detected between surface solar radiation and sunshine percentage. These indicate that the sunshine percentage could be a main factor affecting surface solar radiation. Wind becomes an important factor affecting the total surface solar radiation, since wind is a main factor expelling troposphere air pollution such as smog. A comparison of the variation in ground solar radiation between the East and West China shows that the aerosol particles of air pollution are the main factor affecting the reduction of total surface solar radiation in East China. Many scholars have found that the significant reduction of the surface solar radiation is mainly due to the absorption and scattering atmospheric aerosols. All these findings suggest that the air pollution has become an important factor affecting the surface solar total radiation, especially in East China.