影响杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的因素探讨

自从2009年首次报道采用有机-无机杂化钙钛矿作为吸光材料用于太阳能电池以来, 钙钛矿太阳能电池效率的快速提升引起了人们广泛的关注, 这类电池同时具有制备工艺简单、成本低廉等优点, 引发了钙钛矿电池的研究热潮. 目前研究工作大多数集中在如何提高电池的光电转化效率, 但钙钛矿电池要真正实现产业化应用, 急需要解决材料及器件的稳定性问题. 本文探讨影响钙钛矿材料及器件的稳定性因素, 从温度及湿度等方面分析了材料的稳定性, 从传输材料及其界面问题讨论了器件的稳定性.

Factors influencing the stability of p erovskite solar cells

In 2009, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite was first used as the light-absorbing material for solar cells. The rapidly increased efficiency, simple preparation process, and low cost have aroused widespread concern. The last five years have witnessed the increase of the power conversion efficiency in the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells from 3.8% to 19.3%. At present, most researches focus on how to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency rather than the stability. With the improvement of the power conversion efficiency, people have realized that the long-term stability is also one of the key issues in practical applications.
The present preliminary researches indicate that there are two main factors connected with the stability. One is the stability of the perovskite materials, including thermal stability and humidity stability; the other is the stability of solar devices, mainly related to the design and optimization of devices' structure. To solve the problems of stability of perovskite materials, the main point is its crystal structure. Based on the tolerance factor related to the stability of the perovskite lattice structure, choosing a more suitable size of the moiety can reduce its sensitivity to humidity and improve its stability. To design the device structure, we should try to select a hydrophobic material to protect the perovskite materials from being affected by the surrounding environment. Researches have so far showed that by optimizing the design of the solar cell structure via combining the elements utilized and the bonding interface work, the stability of the hybrid perovskites solar cell is supposed to be entirely solved, and this will determine the practical process of hybrid perovskite photovoltaic materials. However, by the moment, the study on stability of perovskite solar cells is far from being sufficient.