超分辨重建技术及其研究进展

超高分辨成像技术一直是航天、遥感、目标识别等领域的研究热点。随着光学成像到光电数字成像的转变，如何提高CCD的几何分辨率，已成为研制高分辨光电成像系统亟待解决的问题。本文从理论和工程实现的角度介绍了超分辨成像的技术原理，分析了实现超分辨重建技术的几种方法，主要描述了微扫描和亚像元两种重建技术的实现方式，指出了目前超分辨技术存在的缺陷。最后,针对超分辨技术中无混淆重建带宽较窄的问题，提出了一种新的技术方案。该方案将光学编码技术与目前的亚像元技术相结合，可将重建带宽拓展3倍。研究结论指出：融合了光学，光电子学和信号处理的成像系统的综合设计，将是未来成像领域的一个重要研究方向。

Super resolved reconstruction technologies and recent evolution

High resolved imaging and super resolved imaging technologies are the hot topics in the electronic optical tracking, optical remote sensing and the aerospace industry. With transforming an optical imaging system into an electronic optical imaging one, how to improve the geometric resolution of CCD has become an important problem to develop the high resolution electronic optical imaging system. In this paper, several methods to realize high resolved constructions are introduced based on theoretical analysis and engineering practice. Then, two kinds of image construction technologies, micro scanning and sub pixel, are described, and their shortcomings are discussed in detail. Furthermore, to improve the band width by reconstruction without the spectral alias in supper resolution technologies, a new coding technology combining a optical encoding and the sub pixel method is proposed. With the method, the bandwidth has been amplified by three times as compared with that of traditional methods. From what has been discussed above, it comes a conclusion that an optical imaging system combined optical, electronic optical and signal processing technologies will be an important developing trend.