3D transient multiphase model for keyhole,vapor plume,and weld pool dynamics in laser welding including the ambient pressure effect |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Rd 1037, Wuhan, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing and Equipment Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Rd 1037, Wuhan, China;1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai 200240, China;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr branch, Isfahan, Iran;3. Department of Materials Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Shahinshahr, Isfahan, Iran;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea;2. State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior for Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;3. Division 9.3, BAM, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The physical process of deep penetration laser welding involves complex, self-consistent multiphase keyhole, metallic vapor plume, and weld pool dynamics. Currently, efforts are still needed to understand these multiphase dynamics. In this paper, a novel 3D transient multiphase model capable of describing a self-consistent keyhole, metallic vapor plume in the keyhole, and weld pool dynamics in deep penetration fiber laser welding is proposed. Major physical factors of the welding process, such as recoil pressure, surface tension, Marangoni shear stress, Fresnel absorptions mechanisms, heat transfer, and fluid flow in weld pool, keyhole free surface evolutions and solid–liquid–vapor three phase transformations are coupling considered. The effect of ambient pressure in laser welding is rigorously treated using an improved recoil pressure model. The predicated weld bead dimensions, transient keyhole instability, weld pool dynamics, and vapor plume dynamics are compared with experimental and literature results, and good agreements are obtained. The predicted results are investigated by not considering the effects of the ambient pressure. It is found that by not considering the effects of ambient pressure, the average keyhole wall temperature is underestimated about 500 K; besides, the average speed of metallic vapor will be significantly overestimated. The ambient pressure is an essential physical factor for a comprehensive understanding the dynamics of deep penetration laser welding. |
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| Keywords: | Multiphase model Keyhole dynamics Weld pool dynamics Vapor plume dynamics Ambient pressure effect |
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