Adaptive optics confocal microscopy using direct wavefront sensing |
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Authors: | Tao Xiaodong Fernandez Bautista Azucena Oscar Fu Min Garcia Denise Zuo Yi Chen Diana C Kubby Joel |
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Institution: | Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street MS:SOE2, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA. taoxd@soe.ucsc.edu |
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Abstract: | Optical aberrations due to the inhomogeneous refractive index of tissue degrade the resolution and brightness of images in deep-tissue imaging. We introduce a confocal fluorescence microscope with adaptive optics, which can correct aberrations based on direct wavefront measurements using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor with a fluorescent bead used as a point source reference beacon. The results show a 4.3× improvement in the Strehl ratio and a 240% improvement in the signal intensity for fixed mouse tissues at depths of up to 100 μm. |
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