Annular embeddings of permutations for arbitrary genus |
| |
Authors: | IP Goulden |
| |
Institution: | a Department of Combinatorics and Optimization, University of Waterloo, Canada b Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, United States |
| |
Abstract: | In the symmetric group on a set of size 2n, let P2n denote the conjugacy class of involutions with no fixed points (equivalently, we refer to these as “pairings”, since each disjoint cycle has length 2). Harer and Zagier explicitly determined the distribution of the number of disjoint cycles in the product of a fixed cycle of length 2n and the elements of P2n. Their famous result has been reproved many times, primarily because it can be interpreted as the genus distribution for 2-cell embeddings in an orientable surface, of a graph with a single vertex attached to n loops. In this paper we give a new formula for the cycle distribution when a fixed permutation with two cycles (say the lengths are p,q, where p+q=2n) is multiplied by the elements of P2n. It can be interpreted as the genus distribution for 2-cell embeddings in an orientable surface, of a graph with two vertices, of degrees p and q. In terms of these graphs, the formula involves a parameter that allows us to specify, separately, the number of edges between the two vertices and the number of loops at each of the vertices. The proof is combinatorial, and uses a new algorithm that we introduce to create all rooted forests containing a given rooted forest. |
| |
Keywords: | Annular embedding Combinatorial bijection Cycle distribution Dipole Map enumeration Ordered tree Permutation counting Rooted forest |
本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录! |
|