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Full friendly index sets of Cartesian products of two cycles
Authors:Wai Chee Shiu  Man Ho Ling
Institution:1. Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
Abstract:Let G = (V,E) be a connected simple graph. A labeling f: V → ℤ2 induces an edge labeling f*: E → ℤ2 defined by f*(xy) = f(x)+ f(y) for each xyE. For i ∈ ℤ2, let υ f (i) = |f −1(i)| and e f (i) = |f*−1(i)|. A labeling f is called friendly if |υ f (1) − υ f (0)| ≤ 1. For a friendly labeling f of a graph G, we define the friendly index of G under f by i f (G) = e f (1) − e f (0). The set {i f (G) | f is a friendly labeling of G} is called the full friendly index set of G, denoted by FFI(G). In this paper, we will determine the full friendly index set of every Cartesian product of two cycles.
Keywords:vertex labeling  friendly labeling  friendly index set  Cartesian product of two cycles
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